(Download) "Suboptimal Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women Despite Supplement Use (Quantitative Research) (Report)" by Canadian Journal of Public Health # Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Suboptimal Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women Despite Supplement Use (Quantitative Research) (Report)
- Author : Canadian Journal of Public Health
- Release Date : January 01, 2011
- Genre: Law,Books,Professional & Technical,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 288 KB
Description
Vitamin D is important at all life stages, but attaining adequate vitamin D during pregnancy may be especially important for the health of both mother and child. Vitamin D inadequacy during pregnancy has been associated with preeclampsia, the leading cause of maternal morbidity in Canada. (1,2) Poor vitamin D status during pregnancy may also adversely affect calcium homeostasis and skeletal mineralization in the unborn child. Rickets, which still occurs in Canada, is found almost exclusively in breastfed infants born to vitamin D-deficient mothers. (3) In addition, a lack of vitamin D in utero or in early life may increase the risk of type 1 diabetes, (4) asthma, (5) and low bone mass (6) later in life. Circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is the best indicator of vitamin D status as it represents vitamin D obtained from both UV skin synthesis and dietary sources. (7,8) The optimal 25OHD concentration in pregnancy is not known with certainty. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine recommended that maintaining a serum 25OHD concentration of approximately 50 nmol/L is desirable in all life-stage groups. (9) In 2007, the Canadian Pediatric Society adopted a 25OHD serum concentration of 75 nmol/L as "sufficient" for pregnant and lactating women, and infants. (10) Low 25OHD concentrations have been reported in pregnant women in several countries, (11,12) yet there are few studies of pregnant women in Canada. Factors that might predispose Canadian women to poor vitamin D status include living at high latitude, low vitamin D intakes from food, and for some individuals, darker skin pigmentation. Very few Canadian women of reproductive age achieve the Recommended Dietary Allowance of vitamin D intake of 600 IU. (9) However, over 80% of pregnant women consume a multivitamin supplement at some point during pregnancy. (13) It is unclear whether the amount of vitamin D provided in prenatal supplements, typically 400 IU, is sufficient to achieve optimal 25OHD concentrations.